Sousa-Poza A, 2008

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There are two approaches to deal with SoS: 1. Technical approach concerned with interop standards and a focus on building integrated products. 2. Inquiry approach concerned with people in sos to produce purposeful response. Neither aspect is fully correct- need an approach that encompasses both. In order to describe SoS need multiple disciplines, multimethod and multi-knowledge (epistemic). Relationship between people-problem-solution (approach, expertise, problem framing)

• Need to be multi-discipline to move SoS field forward and incorporate technical/inquiry approach together
• Both approaches think can 'design' solution, but SoS is is unpredictable and emergent in characteristic therefore predefined design is fallible.
• SoS must allow for uncertainty/lack of knowledge
• No one domain can claim convergence of SoS
• Multiple legitimate perspectives and they do not have to be resolved to agree

Research and action are becoming more segregated and in SoS the separation of research from practice is inconsistent with the objectives, approaches and perspectives we suggest

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